There is a picture I found on google, apparently created by this guy Cygan, that shows all cuts for all gems until World Adventures. It's good enough to show a few cuts to the curious people:
It is in german, but it is kind of obvious what means what. The blue orb marks are for cuts that you can only get by mixing the gem with other gems that have that cut available, the green orbs mean you can only get the gem by mixing with split-cut septarian nodules or geodes (the "opposite" of the blue one), the orange marks stand for skull cuts, but we all know how to get that, and the red marks are similar to the green ones, but instead of Split Cut sept. and geodes, it's Spire Cut Tiberiums.
The order of the gems is: Blue Topas, Smoky Quartz, Emerald, Ruby, Yellow Sapphire, Tanzanite, Diamond, Luminorious Gem, Rainbow Gem, Pink Diamond, Opal, Citrine, Turquoise, Alabaster, Jade, Lapis Lazuli, Amethyst, Septarian Nodule, Geode, Soulpeace and Tiberium.
The order of the cuts is: Emerald, Oval, Pear, Plumbbob, Marquis, Crystal Ball, Brilliant, Heart-Shaped, Polished Split, Skull and Spire.