This may be a glitch in the game? Though, I can't find any details on it currently. But this issue was around when the game first came out for the pc/mac. Here some troubleshooting tips to try:
1. If you select your Sim there should be an option "Go To Work" and also you can open the career panel and click on the button in the middle of the icon, which will initiate the "Go To Work" interaction.
2. Traveling to another lot as away of refreshing the game and then travel back.
3. Resetting your Sim
How to: Turn on TestingCheats on PS4/Xbox
http://www.carls-sims-4-guide.com/forum/index.php?topic=23632.msg411671#post_TC4CresetSim [FirstName] [LastName] – Resets the specified Sim
4. If you can, test in a new game save to see if it happens in a new game.
If the above tips don't work, you may want to report this bug to Answers HQ - Bug Reports -
https://answers.ea.com/t5/Bug-Reports/bd-p/The-Sims-4-Bugs As they may know of more tips or a work-around.