There are two solutions I found mentioned at HQ Headquarters in the thread I linked here. They are complicated, so I'm going to copy and paste them in.
According to brigitta1710:
"i have the same problem. i use cc's. only my new female sims have this problem. i found a solution. i place my new sim in the world after i put my mods folder out the sims4 folder. i let them shower, close the game, put my mods folder back and start the game again. Everything works fine then. it's annoying but it works."
I don't think this solution will work for you since you already removed the mods folder.
According to Rodenbarg:
"I found the way to fix this issue.
1) Get change outfit mod from Mod The Sims Website. ( Outfit Tools - Copy Any Outfit v2 )
2) Start lot in game.
3) Enable cheat mode.
4) Enable cas full edit mode.
5) Create same age and gender sim.
6) Enable cheat mode again.
7) Select sim who have clothing bug.
8 Type command cheat window : ' outfit.copy b 1 from <new sim name be created> b 1 '
9) Selected sim be chaned outfit to bathing.
10) Use shower or bath.
11) Be changed outfit to normal and fixed clothing-bath."
I hope this way works for you.