Here is a test I conducted for normal sims vs Foodie sims, basically Foodies have higher standards for food and drinks, but the best food make them much happier than sims with normal taste buds. This test assumes all food are of Excellent quality:
Normal
Normal Dish 1-3 gives Pretty Tasty Happy+1 4hrs
Normal Dish 4-6 gives Delicious Dish Happy+1 4hrs
Normal Dish 7-10 gives Fantastic Food Happy+2 5hrs
Gourmet Dish 1-3 gives Delicious Dish Happy+1 4hrs
Gourmet Dish 4-6 gives Fantastic Food Happy+2 5hrs
Gourmet Dish 7-10 gives Epic Meal Happy+3 6hrs
Foodie
Normal Dish 1-3 gives no moodlet
Normal Dish 4-6 gives Delicious Dish Happy+1 4hrs
Normal Dish 7-10 gives Scrumptious! Happy+3 5hrs
Gourmet Dish 1-3 gives Delicious Dish Happy+1 4hrs
Gourmet Dish 4-6 gives Scrumptious! Happy+3 5hrs
Gourmet Dish 7-10 gives Delectable Dish Happy+4 6hrs
Happy+4 for 6 hours is pretty insane, I didn't realize it goes that high, always thought Happy+3 is the max. Pretty Tasty and Delicious Dish give the same benefits with different wording.
Stove quality will only affect the quality of the cooking. Fridge, stove upgrades and cooking skills will give additional moodlets.
For drinks, lower tier drinks will make Foodie Disappointing Drinks Uncomfortable+1 for 4hrs, while higher tier drinks make them Happy+2 for 4hrs.