Hope this helps, I've played a lot with the Clone Drone Elixir. I'll try to hit the major questions with answers from my experience, but if I miss anything ask me, I may have forgotten to mention something.
Anyhow, the person cloned will often have the same traits as the original, but sometimes traits with opposites get reversed as SeaUnicorn mentioned. They are permanent in that they have whatever lifespan remaining that their original did. If the original is under the effect of the Age Freeze LTR, the clone won't have the benefit, but will have the reward in their list, so they won't be able to buy an Age Freeze of their own.
The clone will have all the LTR's of the original, though they won't get copies of items from LTR's like Age Freeze Potions or Replicators. Also, I've had problems with the Magic Hands LTR. My witch clone needed a wand to cast spells in spite of having Magic Hands.
Your clone will have none of the skills of the original, and no job. When the clone is made, it is unrelated to anyone including the original. You can romance your clone if you so choose. It also starts with neutral relationships with everyone.
Hope that hits the highlights!