It sounds like you may be explaining two different problems? The launcher crashing and missing game icons.
Here's something that might help on the launcher crashing.
Launcher crashes
http://sims3.crinrict.com/en/2014/02/launcher-crashes.htmlAs for the missing icons. I'm not quite sure. I'll have to some searching on that.
Although, I remember when the launcher would mess up Hubby and I would just uninstall/reinstall the last expansion pack we had and it would fix most launcher issues. -- But the last time we had this issue was 2010-2012.
I don't know if it's as simple as uninstalling/reinstalling the expansions you are having problems with.
If you're willing to try, try this:
1. Manually uninstall the expansions you're having problems with.
2. Run Ccleaner and it's registry cleaner.
https://www.piriform.com/ccleaner/download?mac-- This helps clean up temporary files, internet cache files and other files that are left behind that are no longer being used.
3. Reinstall the expansions you're having problems with.
See if that helps the launcher show the icons that are missing.