Do you have any not yet updated mods or bad CC? Very often when people experience extraordinarily strange bugs and glitches, it's due to outdated mods or non EA CC that interfere with the game.
Thanks for the answer.
I have NO mods, neither outdated nor updated, I have no CC whatsoever, I am not using cheats frequently.
Now it becomes worse and that is why I should rename the topic.
There are many Sims in that world that simply cannot go to work, if not all.
Symptoms:
1. When a carpool arrives, or I choose the option go to work any other way, the Sim puts on the appropriate uniform, the action "at work" flashes for a second and then disappears and, of course, the Sim is not going anywhere.
2. When I click the rabbit hole they work in, there is not an option "quit work" there, however they can quit job by phone. In one case a Sim in business career could hold meetings in his respective workplace (but you can hold meetings in many RHs) but still couldn´t go to work.
3. After quitting a job, they can join the same career through the interaction with the same RH. However, I am unable to adjust their rank at their re-accepted career through cheats (via enabling testing cheats and selecting "set career...") - but here I maybe only do something wrong (other options in the pie work fine, only setting the career doesn´t seem to work - I suppose when I make the choice, that particular job should immediately show in the career panel, or not? - it is simply staying the same).
Some other hint that the world may really be broken: a Sim unable to go home (neither by clicking "go home", nor "go here" - I had to digress to resetting). Also some other minor weird anomalies.
So it is either a routing issue (kids but go school flawlessly) or there is something broken or data is missing regarding careers.
Things I did (of which none had worked):
1. reload
2. clean-up (delete DCBackup and so on)
3. planning the career outfit method
4. start a new game in the same world (AS)
5. short-cut factory reset as recommended here
http://www.carls-sims-3-guide.com/forum/index.php?topic=7507.0, with freshly installed world
Things I am positive about I didn´t do: delete anything essential, neither from Documents, nor from Program Files.
Only thing I noticed is that these things seem to have begun to happen after I attempted to patch up to 1.55.something, and the launcher was unable to complete the task.
Please if anybody has a clue, share with me. Otherwise I am positively on a verge of reinstalling.